How to Compile a Summary

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Title : How to Compile a Summary
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Ideally, a quality summary should be able to present a variety of important information in the source text in a shorter, more concise format. If you are asked to summarize a novel, short story, academic text, or scientific article, some of the basic methods that you must do are create a summary framework, determine strong opening sentences, and compile a solid but informative summary.

Step

Making a Summary Framework

Start by reviewing the contents of the source text. Before compiling a summary, read and review the source text first. While reading, try to find important keywords and phrases. Also, mark and underline all sentences that feel important to you. Make sure you also note the main topics or ideas presented by the text writer!^[1]
- If the source text you selected is long enough, try summarizing each paragraph and listing all the keywords, phrases, or concepts that you found; all can be used as your reference when compiling a text summary.
Record the main idea of the author. Find one or two sentences that are able to represent the main idea of the text writer. After that, try to include it in a short and straightforward framework. Ask yourself, "What do you want the author to say in this text? What is the main idea or theme he wants to present? "^[2]
- If your source text is a novel The Great Gatsby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, try to record some of the main ideas in the novel such as "friendship," "social status," "wealth," and "unrequited love."
Also note some supporting examples from the source text. After recording the main idea of the text, try to identify one to three examples of quotes or events that are able to support the idea. In addition, you may also choose moments or sentences that sound important.^[3]
- Record all the examples that you found and provide a brief explanation of the situation that occurred in each example. After that, try to start compiling the summary by referring to these examples.

Composing Strong Opening Sentences

List the author's name, text title, and date of publication of the source text. Also, include the genre of text (such as novels, short stories, or articles) in the opening sentence of your summary. Thus, the reader can immediately understand the various basic information related to the source text just by reading the sentence.^[4]
- For example, you can start a summary by writing, "In his novel entitled The Great Gatsby (1925), F. Scott Fitzgerald … ".
- If what you make is a summary of the article, try writing, "In his article entitled" What Is Intersexuality? "Nancy Kerr (2001) …"
Use meaningful verbs to report. Supposedly, the first sentence in your summary contains verbs that are meaningful to report information, such as "declare," "claim," "declare," "prove," or "confirm." In addition, you can also use other verbs like " explain, "" discuss, "" illustrate, "" declare, "and" explain. "The use of such verbs can make your opening sentence clearer and more straightforward.^[5]
- For example, you can write, "In his novel entitled The Great Gatsby (1925), F. Scott Fitzgerald presents … "
- If what you make is a summary of the article, try writing, "In his article entitled" What Is Intersexuality? "Nancy Kerr (2001) states that …"
Describe the main idea of the author. End the opening sentence with the main theme or idea in the source text. After that, you can provide various supporting evidence related to the main theme or idea.^[6]
- For example, you can write, "In the novel The Great Gatsby (1925), F. Scott Fitzgerald presents the story of the tragic figure Jay Gatsby, a mysterious billionaire, through the eyes of his neighbor, Nick Carraway. "
- If what you make is a summary of the article, try writing, "In his article entitled," What Is Intersexuality? "Nancy Kerr (2001) stated that discussions related to sexuality among academics actually ignored the growing public interest in intersexuality."

Compile a Quality Summary

Answer the question of who, what, where, and why. Think about who and what is discussed in the source text. If it feels relevant, also state the background listed in the text. Finally, determine why the text writer discussed or raised related topics.^[7]
- For example, if you need to make a summary of the novel The Great Gatsby, first of all you need to first name the two main characters in it, namely Jay Gatsby and his neighbor (novel narrator), Nick Carraway. After that, also include brief important events, the storytelling background chosen, and why Fitzgerald chose to explore the lives of the two characters.
Include one to three sentences containing supporting evidence. So that your summary is not too long, limit the supporting evidence to three sentences. Supporting evidence can be events, quotes, or arguments that can support your opening sentence.^[8]
- For example, if you are summarizing an article, try to include the main argument of the author as supporting evidence. If you are summarizing a novel or short story, choose an event that can be used as supporting evidence.
Summarize the source text in your own words. Don't copy or paraphrase the text that you need to summarize. In other words, use your own words instead of copying the language or diction used by the original author, especially if you are not writing a direct quote.^[9]
- Remember, a summary only needs to be filled with various important information contained in the source text. In other words, there is no need to accompany the information with your opinion or argument. Don't worry, you can always submit arguments in separate paragraphs or sections!
Create a brief and straightforward summary. Ideally, a quality summary contains a minimum of six sentences and a maximum of eight sentences. After completing the summary draft, try reading it again and revising it as needed so that the end result is truly concise and compact. When revising the summary draft, make sure you throw out repetitive or less important sentences or phrases.^[10]
- If possible, try to show the summary you wrote to a professional friend or instructor, then ask for their opinions. Ask if the summary is solid enough and easy to understand, and successfully contains all the information that is important to the reader.